Name the main regions of the stomach and the sphincters that separate them.

• A. Cardia, Fundus, Body, Antrum; Lower esophageal sphincter and pyloric sphincter
• B. Cardia, Fundus, Body, Antrum; Internal and external sphincters of the stomach
• C. Cardia, Fundus, Pylorus, Antrum; Lower esophageal and pyloric sphincters
• D. Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pylorus; Lower esophageal sphincter and pyloric sphincter

Answer: (A)

The stomach has four main regions: cardia, fundus, body, and antrum. The cardia is where the esophagus meets the stomach, the fundus forms the dome at the top, the body is the central portion, and the antrum is the distal part just before the pylorus. The two sphincters separating these regions are the lower esophageal sphincter at the gastroesophageal junction, which prevents reflux, and the pyloric sphincter at the distal end of the stomach, which controls emptying into the duodenum. This pairing—cardia, fundus, body, and antrum with the lower esophageal and pyloric sphincters—best fits.